Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jun 11, 2026

Gene density

In genetics, the gene density of an organism's genome is the ratio of the number of genes per number of base pairs, usually written in terms of a million base pairs, or megabase (Mb). The human genome has a gene density of 11-15 genes/Mb, while the genome of the C. elegans roundworm is estimated to have 200.

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In genetics, the gene density of an organism's genome is the ratio of the number of genes per number of base pairs, usually written in terms of a million base pairs, or megabase (Mb). The human genome has a gene density of 11-15 genes/Mb, while the genome of the C. elegans roundworm is estimated to have 200.1

Seemingly simple organisms, such as bacteria and amoebas, have a much higher gene density than humans. Bacterial DNA has a gene density on the order of 500-1000 genes/Mb. This is due several factors, including that the fact that bacterial DNA has no introns. There are also fewer codons in bacterial genes.2

Species

Protozoa

species number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Babesia microti 3,6853 6.44 575.8
Besnoitia besnoiti 8,5465 58.86 145.3
Cryptosporidium parvum 3,8877 9.18 427.1
Giardia intestinalis 5,3889 11.510 468.5
Leishmania donovani 8,12311 32.412 250.7
Plasmodium falciparum 5,68313 23.514 241.8
Phytophthora infestans 19,34415 203.216 95.2
Tetrahymena thermophila 26,99617 130.418 207
Theileria parva 4,14119 8.320 498.9
Toxoplasma gondii 8,92521 64.522 138.4
Trypanosoma cruzi 25,18323 32.524 774.9

Fungi

species number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Agaricus bisporus 11,45925 30.726 373.3
Aspergillus nidulans 9,58627 30.628 313.3
Aspergillus niger 10,82829 35.630 304.2
Candida albicans 6,26331 14.732 426.1
Cryptococcus neoformans 7,00433 18.634 376.5
Debaryomyces hansenii 6,49535 12.136 536.8
Encephalitozoon cuniculi 2,02937 2.338 882.2
Eremothecium gossypii 5,35639 9.140 588.6
Fusarium oxysporum 21,35441 52.442 407.5
Kluyveromyces lactis 5,33543 10.644 503.3
Lasiodiplodia theobromae 13,05445 43.646 299.4
Neurospora crassa 10,59047 41.348 256.4
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 6,44549 11.950 541.6
Saccharomyces paradoxus 5,84051 1252 486.6
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 6,97453 12.854 544.8
Talaromyces marneffei 10,13855 28.356 358.2
Tremella mesenterica 8,29257 27.958 297.2
Trichoderma harzianum 14,29459 40.760 351.2
Trichophyton rubrum 8,80461 23.162 381.1
Ustilago maydis 6,90963 19.964 347.2
Wallemia ichthyophaga 5,00065 9.566 526.3
Yarrowia lipolytica 7,14467 20.368 351.9

Plants

species common name number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Ananas comosus pineapple 25,758 38269 67.4
Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress 38,31170 11971 321.9
Asparagus officinalis asparagus 32,23772 1,18773 27.2
Brassica rapa field mustard 51,59274 33375 154.9
Cannabis sativa cannabis 31,17076 87677 35.6
Cajanus cajan pigeon pea 33,49578 59379 56.5
Capsicum annuum pepper 41,72980 2,90981 14.3
Coffea arabica coffee 56,90282 1,09483 52
Glycine max soybean 59,90584 995.785 60.2
Juglans regia English walnut 37,99686 634.787 59.9
Nicotiana tabacum tobacco 74,27388 3,734.289 19.9
Olea europaea olive 47,91190 1,316.791 36.4
Oryza sativa rice 35,22392 38593 91.5
Panicum hallii grass 31,52894 511.695 61.6
Physcomitrium patens spreading earthmoss 23,74796 47297 50.3
Prunus dulcis almond 26,93698 236.999 113.7
Prunus persica peach 26,412100 214.2101 123.3
Punica granatum pomegrante 29,281102 308.4103 94.9
Rosa chinensis rose 40,349104 513.9105 78.5
Solanum lycopersicum tomato 31,263106 813107 38.5
Solanum tuberosum potato 33,606108 760109 44.2
Theobroma cacao cocoa 24,957110 335111 74.5
Zea mays corn 49,796112 2,197113 22.7

Invertebrate

invertebrate species
species common name number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito 19,623114 1,274115 15.4
Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito 13,247116 250117 53
Apis mellifera honey bee 12,374118 226119 54.8
Caenorhabditis elegans C. elegans 47,632120 102121 467
Daphnia magna water flea 21,549122 126123 171
Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly 17,868124 137125 130.4
Hydra vulgaris hydra 22,980126 1,055127 21.8
Limulus polyphemus horseshoe crab 27,318128 1,828129 14.9
Octopus sinensis octopus 29,784130 2,719131 11
Pediculus humanus human louse 10,993132 110133 99.9
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus purple sea urchin 33,504134 921135 36.4

Vertebrate non-mammals

species common name number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Alligator mississippiensis American alligator 25,279136 2,161137 11.7
Anolis carolinensis anole lizard 22,293138 1,799139 12.4
Astyanax mexicanus Mexican tetra 31,695140 1,263141 25.1
Columba livia pigeon 26,679142 1,063143 25.1
Danio rerio zebrafish 47,350144 1,408145 33.6
Gallus gallus chicken 24,402146 1,043147 23.4
Nothobranchius furzeri turquoise killifish 25,387148 1,052149 24.1
Oryzias latipes Japanese rice fish 26,846150 746151 36
Petromyzon marinus sea lamprey 22,167152 987153 22.5
Taeniopygia guttata zebra finch 21,543154 1,069155 20.2
Takifugu rubripes Japanese puffer 27,413156 384157 71.8
Xenopus tropicalis tropical clawed frog 28,863158 1,468159 19.7
Xenopus laevis African clawed frog 37,283160 2,718161 13.7

Vertebrate mammals

species common name number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Acinonyx jubatus cheetah 34,482162 2,378163 14.5
Ailuropoda melanoleuca giant panda 32,950164 2,371165 13.9
Aotus nancymaae night monkey 31,331166 2,861167 11
Artibeus jamaicensis Jamaican fruit-eating bat 31,480168 2,316169 13.6
Arvicanthis niloticus African grass rat 31,912170 2,496171 12.8
Balaenoptera acutorostrata minke whale 26,805172 2,431173 11
Balaenoptera musculus blue whale 27,194174 2,105175 12.9
Bison bison American bison 27,488176 2,828177 9.7
Bos mutus wild yak 26,159178 2,703179 9.7
Bos taurus cattle 35,061180 2,715181 12.9
Canis lupus familiaris dog 36,717182 2,370183 15.5
Chinchilla lanigera long-tailed chinchilla 30,378184 2,390185 12.7
Felis catus cat 35,521186 2,521187 14
Gorilla gorilla gorilla 35,419188 3,063189 11.6
Homo sapiens human 44,507190 2,861191 15.5
Macaca mulatta Rhesus monkey 40,164192 2,970193 13.5
Mus musculus house mouse 42,823194 2,689195 15.9
Pan troglodytes chimpanzee 40,769196 3,050197 13.4
Rattus norvegicus brown rat 38,371198 2,743199 14
Sus scrofa pig 30,345200 2,459201 12.3

Gene count is calculated by the number of gene flags in the latest version of a given species gtf annotation file. Bear in mind that well studied organisms will probably have higher gene counts because these species have better annotation, therefore these numbers are estimates for comparison.

See also

See also

References

References

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  110. "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Theobroma_cacao/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000208745.1_Criollo_cocoa_genome_V2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  111. "Theobroma cacao (ID 572) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  112. "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Zea_mays/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_902167145.1_Zm-B73-REFERENCE-NAM-5.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  113. "Zea mays (ID 12) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  114. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Aedes_aegypti/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002204515.2_AaegL5.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  115. "Aedes aegypti (ID 44) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  116. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Anopheles_gambiae/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000005575.2_AgamP3". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  117. "Anopheles gambiae (ID 46) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  118. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Apis_mellifera/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003254395.2_Amel_HAv3.1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  119. "Apis mellifera (ID 48) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  120. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Caenorhabditis_elegans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002985.6_WBcel235". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  121. "Caenorhabditis elegans (ID 41) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  122. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Daphnia_magna/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003990815.1_ASM399081v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  123. "Daphnia magna (ID 10953) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  124. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Drosophila_melanogaster/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001215.4_Release_6_plus_ISO1_MT". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  125. "Drosophila melanogaster (ID 47) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  126. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Hydra_vulgaris/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000004095.1_Hydra_RP_1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  127. "Hydra vulgaris (ID 12836) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  128. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Limulus_polyphemus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000517525.1_Limulus_polyphemus-2.1.2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  129. "Limulus polyphemus (ID 787) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  130. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Octopus_sinensis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_006345805.1_ASM634580v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  131. "Octopus sinensis (ID 84214) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  132. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Pediculus_humanus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000006295.1_JCVI_LOUSE_1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  133. "Pediculus humanus (ID 522) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  134. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Strongylocentrotus_purpuratus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002235.5_Spur_5.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  135. "Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (ID 86) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  136. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Alligator_mississippiensis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000281125.3_ASM28112v4". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  137. "Alligator mississippiensis (ID 13409) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  138. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Anolis_carolinensis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000090745.1_AnoCar2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  139. "Anolis carolinensis (ID 708) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  140. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Astyanax_mexicanus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000372685.2_Astyanax_mexicanus-2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  141. "Astyanax mexicanus (ID 13073) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  142. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Columba_livia/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000337935.1_Cliv_1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  143. "Columba livia (ID 10719) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  144. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Danio_rerio/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002035.6_GRCz11". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  145. "Danio rerio (ID 50) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  146. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Gallus_gallus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002315.6_GRCg6a". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  147. "Gallus gallus (ID 111) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  148. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Nothobranchius_furzeri/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_001465895.1_Nfu_20140520". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  149. "Nothobranchius furzeri (ID 2642) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  150. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Oryzias_latipes/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002234675.1_ASM223467v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  151. "Oryzias latipes (ID 542) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  152. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Petromyzon_marinus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_010993605.1_kPetMar1.pri". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  153. "Petromyzon marinus (ID 287) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  154. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Taeniopygia_guttata/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_008822105.2_bTaeGut2.pat.W.v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  155. "Taeniopygia guttata (ID 367) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  156. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Takifugu_rubripes/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_901000725.2_fTakRub1.2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  157. "Takifugu rubripes (ID 63) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  158. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Xenopus_tropicalis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000004195.4_UCB_Xtro_10.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  159. "Xenopus tropicalis (ID 80) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  160. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Xenopus_laevis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_001663975.1_Xenopus_laevis_v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  161. "Xenopus laevis (ID 81) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  162. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Acinonyx_jubatus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003709585.1_Aci_jub_2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  163. "Acinonyx jubatus (ID 14623) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  164. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Ailuropoda_melanoleuca/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002007445.1_ASM200744v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  165. "Ailuropoda melanoleuca (ID 2702) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  166. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Aotus_nancymaae/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000952055.2_Anan_2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  167. "Aotus nancymaae (ID 14430) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  168. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Artibeus_jamaicensis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_014825515.1_WHU_Ajam_v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  169. "Artibeus jamaicensis (ID 12026) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  170. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Arvicanthis_niloticus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_011762505.1_mArvNil1.pat.X". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  171. "Arvicanthis niloticus (ID 88356) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  172. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Balaenoptera_acutorostrata/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000493695.1_BalAcu1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  173. "Balaenoptera acutorostrata (ID 10769) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  174. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Balaenoptera_musculus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_009873245.2_mBalMus1.pri.v3". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  175. "Balaenoptera musculus (ID 7017) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  176. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Bison_bison/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000754665.1_Bison_UMD1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  177. "Bison bison (ID 8907) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  178. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Bos_mutus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000298355.1_BosGru_v2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  179. "Bos mutus (ID 23015) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  180. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Bos_taurus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002263795.1_ARS-UCD1.2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  181. "Bos taurus (ID 82) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  182. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Canis_lupus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002285.3_CanFam3.1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  183. "Canis lupus familiaris (ID 85) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  184. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Chinchilla_lanigera/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000276665.1_ChiLan1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  185. "Chinchilla lanigera (ID 10466) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  186. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Felis_catus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000181335.3_Felis_catus_9.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  187. "Felis catus (ID 78) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  188. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Gorilla_gorilla/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_008122165.1_Kamilah_GGO_v0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  189. "Gorilla gorilla (ID 2156) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  190. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Homo_sapiens/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001405.39_GRCh38.p13". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  191. "Homo sapiens (ID 51) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  192. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Macaca_mulatta/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003339765.1_Mmul_10". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  193. "Macaca mulatta (ID 215) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  194. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Mus_musculus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001635.27_GRCm39". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  195. "Mus musculus (ID 52) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  196. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Pan_troglodytes/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002880755.1_Clint_PTRv2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  197. "Pan troglodytes (ID 202) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  198. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Rattus_norvegicus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001895.5_Rnor_6.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  199. "Rattus norvegicus (ID 73) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  200. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Sus_scrofa/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000003025.6_Sscrofa11.1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  201. "Sus scrofa (ID 84) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.