Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jun 23, 2026

FLUKA

FLUKA is a fully integrated Monte Carlo simulation package for the interaction and transport of particles and nuclei in matter. FLUKA has many applications in particle physics, high energy experimental physics and engineering, shielding, detector and telescope design, cosmic ray studies, dosimetry, medical physics, radiobiology. A recent line of development concerns hadron therapy. As of 2022 FLUKA allowed simulation of interactions of photons with energy 100 eV and above.

Last revised
Jun 23, 2026
Read time
≈ 3 min
Length
804 w
Citations
20
Source
Wikipedia ↗
FLUKA Particle Transport Code
Original authorsAlberto Fassò, Alfredo Ferrari, Johannes Ranft, Paola Sala. Contributing authors: G.Battistoni, F.Cerutti, M.Chin, A.Empl, M.V.Garzelli, M.Lantz, A.Mairani, S.Muraro, V.Patera, S.Roesler, G.Smirnov, F.Sommerer, V. Vlachoudis
DevelopersINFN, CERN
Release1960s1
Stable release
FLUKA 2021.2.0 / 18 May 20212
Operating systemLinux
Available inFortran 77
TypeMonte Carlo method, Particle physics
LicenseFLUKA user license
Websitewww.fluka.eu

FLUKA (an acronym for Fluktuierende Kaskade) is a fully integrated Monte Carlo simulation package for the interaction and transport of particles and nuclei in matter.3456 FLUKA has many applications in particle physics, high energy experimental physics and engineering, shielding, detector and telescope design, cosmic ray studies,7 dosimetry,8 medical physics, radiobiology. A recent line of development concerns hadron therapy.910 As of 2022 FLUKA allowed simulation of interactions of photons with energy 100 eV and above.1

It is the standard tool used in radiation protection studies in the CERN particle accelerator laboratory.1112 FLUKA software code is used by Epcard, which is a software program for simulating radiation exposure on airline flights.13

The first version of FLUKA was developed in the 1960s by Johannes Ranft. FLUKA makes use of combinatorial geometry.1

Comparison with other codes

MCNPX is slower than FLUKA.1415

Geant4 is slower than FLUKA.141516

References

References

  1. Tsinganis A. (14 September 2022). "An overview of the FLUKA particle transport code and its graphical user interface Flair" (PDF).
  2. The official FLUKA site: FLUKA home FLUKA Team
  3. Battistoni, Giuseppe; Boehlen, Till; Cerutti, Francesco; Chin, Pik Wai; Esposito, Luigi Salvatore; Fassò, Alberto; Ferrari, Alfredo; Lechner, Anton; Empl, Anton; Mairani, Andrea; Mereghetti, Alessio; Ortega, Pablo Garcia; Ranft, Johannes; Roesler, Stefan; Sala, Paola R.; Vlachoudis, Vasilis; Smirnov, George (2015). "Overview of the FLUKA code". Annals of Nuclear Energy. 82: 10–18. Bibcode:2015AnNuE..82...10B. doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2014.11.007. ISSN 0306-4549.
  4. Fassò, A.; Ferrari, A.; Ranft, Johannes; Sala, Paola R. (2005). FLUKA: a multi-particle transport code, CERN 2005-10 (2005), INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773. CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs. doi:10.5170/CERN-2005-010. ISBN 978-92-9083-260-7.
  5. Battistoni, G.; Cerutti, F.; Fassò, A.; Ferrari, A.; Muraro, S.; Ranft, J.; Roesler, S.; Sala, P. R. (2007). "The FLUKA code: description and benchmarking". AIP Conference Proceedings. 896: 31–49. doi:10.1063/1.2720455. ISSN 0094-243X.
  6. Battistoni, Giuseppe; Margiotta, Annarita; Muraro, Silvia; Sioli, Maximiliano (2011). "FLUKA as a new high energy cosmic ray generator". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 626–627: S191–S192. arXiv:1002.4655. Bibcode:2011NIMPA.626S.191B. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.05.019. ISSN 0168-9002. S2CID 119208962.
  7. Battistoni, G.; Ferrari, A.; Montaruli, T.; Sala, P.R. (2002). "Comparison of the FLUKA calculations with CAPRICE94 data on muons in atmosphere". Astroparticle Physics. 17 (4): 477–488. arXiv:hep-ph/0107241. Bibcode:2002APh....17..477B. doi:10.1016/S0927-6505(01)00176-1. ISSN 0927-6505. S2CID 204927907.
  8. Roesler, S.; Heinrich, W.; Schraube, H. (2002). "Monte Carlo Calculation of the Radiation Field at Aircraft Altitudes" (PDF). Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 98 (4): 367–388. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006728. ISSN 0144-8420. PMID 12120665.
  9. Battistoni, Giuseppe; Bauer, Julia; Boehlen, Till T.; Cerutti, Francesco; Chin, Mary P. W.; Dos Santos Augusto, Ricardo; Ferrari, Alfredo; Ortega, Pablo G.; Kozłowska, Wioletta; Magro, Giuseppe; Mairani, Andrea; Parodi, Katia; Sala, Paola R.; Schoofs, Philippe; Tessonnier, Thomas; Vlachoudis, Vasilis (2016). "The FLUKA Code: An Accurate Simulation Tool for Particle Therapy". Frontiers in Oncology. 6: 116. doi:10.3389/fonc.2016.00116. ISSN 2234-943X. PMC 4863153. PMID 27242956.
  10. Zhang, Qinghui; Lee, Chaeyeong; Lee, Sangmin; Lee, Seung-Jae; Song, Hankyeol; Kim, Dae-Hyun; Cho, Sungkoo; Jo, Kwanghyun; Han, Youngyih; Chung, Yong Hyun; Kim, Jin Sung (2017). "Monte Carlo simulation of secondary neutron dose for scanning proton therapy using FLUKA". PLOS ONE. 12 (10) e0186544. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1286544L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186544. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5646843. PMID 29045491.
  11. "A Monte Carlo code for ion beam therapy". CERN Document Server. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  12. Battistoni, Giuseppe; Broggi, Francesco; Brugger, Markus; Campanella, Mauro; Carboni, Massimo; Empl, Anton; Fassò, Alberto; Gadioli, Ettore; Cerutti, Francesco; Ferrari, Alfredo; Ferrari, Anna; Garzelli, Maria Vittoria; Lantz, Mattias; Mairani, Andrea; Margiotta, M. (1 October 2011). "The Application of the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA in Radiation Protection Studies for the Large Hadron Collider" (PDF). Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology. 2: 358–364. doi:10.15669/pnst.2.358. ISSN 2185-4823.
  13. Jeffrey R. Davis, Robert Johnson, Jan Stepanek - Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine (2008) - Page 228-230 (Google Books Link 2010)
  14. Randeniya, S. D.; Taddei, P. J.; Newhauser, W. D.; Yepes, P. (2009). "Intercomparision of Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Codes MCNPX, GEANT4, and FLUKA for Simulating Proton Radiotherapy of the Eye". Nuclear Technology. 168 (3): 810–814. Bibcode:2009NucTe.168..810R. doi:10.13182/NT09-A9310. PMC 2943388. PMID 20865141.
  15. Gloster, Colin Paul (2023). "Comment on "Gamma-ray spectroscopy using angular distribution of Compton scattering" [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 1031 (2022) 166502]". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 1049 167923. Bibcode:2023NIMPA104967923G. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2022.167923. S2CID 255262511.
  16. Fippel, Matthias; Soukup, Martin (2004). "A Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm for proton therapy". Medical Physics. 31 (8): 2263–2273. Bibcode:2004MedPh..31.2263F. doi:10.1118/1.1769631. PMID 15377093.
Further reading

Further reading

External links