Euploca

Euploca
	Euploca salicoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Embryophytes
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Spermatophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Boraginales
Family:	Heliotropiaceae
Genus:	Euploca; Nutt.
Type species
	E. convolvulacea Nutt.;
Species
	168; see text
Synonyms
	List Hilgeria Förther; Heliotropium L. sect. Euploca Nutt. (A.Gray); Heliotropium L. sect. Orthostachys R.Br.; Orthostachys (R.Br.) Spach; Pentacarya DC. ex Meisn.; Pioctonon Raf.; Preslaea Mart.; Schleidenia Endl.; ;

Euploca is an almost cosmopolitan genus of plants with 168 species.

Description

While many species use the C₄ photosynthetic pathway,⁵ there are also C₃–C₄ intermediate species.⁶⁷ Some species have leaves with a C₄-typical Kranz anatomy.³

Taxonomy

The genus was first described by Thomas Nuttall in 1837.¹⁸ While part of the broadly defined Boraginaceae in the APG IV system from 2016,⁹ a revision of the order Boraginales from the same year includes Euploca in the separate family Heliotropiaceae.⁴

Its species used to be classified in the genera Hilgeria and Schleidenia and in Heliotropium sect. Orthostachys, but were found to form an independent lineage in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, more closely related to Myriopus than to Heliotropium.³

Species

168 species are accepted.²

Euploca aequorea (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca albrechtii (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca alcyonia (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca amnis-edith (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca antillana (Urb.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca apertum (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca applanata (Thulin & Verdc.) Thulin
Euploca arenitensis (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca argyrea (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca asperrima (Andersson) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca aurata (Phil.) M.W.Frohl.
Euploca axillaris (Greenm.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca baclei (DC.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca ballii (Domin) Diane & Hilger
Euploca barbata (DC.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca brachygyne (Benth.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca brachythrix (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca bracteata (R.Br.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca bullockii (Verdc.) E.L.A.N.Simons & Wieringa
Euploca bursifera (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca calvariavis (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca campestris (Griseb.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca catamarcensis (I.M.Johnst.) M.W.Frohl.
Euploca cerroleonensis (R.Degen) R.Degen
Euploca chalcedonia (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca chrysantha (Phil.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca chrysocarpa (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca collina (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca confertifolia (Torr.) Feuillet & Halse
Euploca conocarpa (F.Muell. ex Benth.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca consimilis (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca convolvulacea Nutt. – sweet-scented heliotrope, showy heliotrope
Euploca cornuta (I.M.Johnst.) Ancy & P.Javad
Euploca cracens (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca cremnogena (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca cunninghamii (Benth.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca cupressina (Craven) Diane & Hilger
Euploca decorticans M.J.Silva & J.I.M.Melo
Euploca delestangii (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca dichotoma (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca dichroa (Urb.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca diffusa (Britton) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca discordis (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca distantiflora (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo & R.Degen
Euploca diversifolia (F.Muell. ex Benth.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca dunaensis (R.Degen) R.Degen
Euploca eggersii (Urb.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca epacridea (F.Muell. ex Benth.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca euodes (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca fallax (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca fasciculata (R.Br.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca ferreyrae (I.M.Johnst.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca filaginoides (Benth.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca filiformis (Lehm.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca flintii (F.Muell. ex A.S.Mitch.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca foliata (R.Br.) Feuillet
Euploca foliosissima (J.F.Macbr.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca foveolata (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca frohlichii (Craven) M.W.Chase
Euploca fruticosa (L.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca galioides (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca geocharis (Domin) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca glabella (R.Br.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca glandulifera (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca greggii (Torr.) Halse & Feuillet
Euploca haesum (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca haitiensis (Urb.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca heterantha (F.Muell.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca hintonii (I.M.Johnst.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca humifusa (Kunth) Diane & Hilger
Euploca humilis (L.) Feuillet
Euploca humistrata (Cham.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca hypogaea (Urb. & Ekman) Diane & Hilger
Euploca inexplicita (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca karwinskyi (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca katangensis (Gürke) E.L.A.N.Simons & Wieringa
Euploca krapovickasii J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca lagoensis (Warm.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca lapidicola (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca laxa (Thulin) Thulin
Euploca leptalea (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca limbata (Benth.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca lobbii (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca madagascariensis (Vatke) E.L.A.N.Simons & Wieringa
Euploca madurensis (Riedl) Ancy & P.Javad
Euploca marchionica (Decne.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca margaritensis (Hassl. ex I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo & R.Degen
Euploca marifolia (J.Koenig ex Retz.) Ancy & P.Javad
Euploca melanopedii (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca mendocina (Phil.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca mexicana (A.DC.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca michoacana (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca microphylla (Sw. ex Wikstr.) Feuillet
Euploca microsalsoloides (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca mitchellii (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca moorei (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca mutica (Domin) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca myriophylla (Urb.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca nana (Northr.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca nashii (Millsp.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca nesopelyda (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca nexosa (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca nigricans (Balf.f.) M.W.Frohl., M.W.Chase & Thulin
Euploca ocellata (Cham.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca ottonii (Lehm.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca ovalifolia (Forssk.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca oxyloba (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca pachyphylla (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca pallescens (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca paniculata (R.Br.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca paradoxa (Mart.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca parciflora (Mart.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca parviantrum (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca pauciflora (R.Br.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca peckhamii (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca pedicellaris (Urb. & Ekman) Feuillet
Euploca peninsularis (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca perlmanii (Lorence & W.L.Wagner) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca perrieri (J.S.Mill.) J.S.Mill.
Euploca personata (Thulin) Thulin
Euploca pilosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Luebert
Euploca piurensis (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca plumosa (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca polyanthella (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca polyphylla (Lehm.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca pottii J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca powelliorum (B.L.Turner) Feuillet & Halse
Euploca pringlei (B.L.Rob.) Halse & Feuillet
Euploca procumbens (Mill.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca prostrata (R.Br.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca protensa (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca pulvina (Craven) Diane & Hilger
Euploca purdiei (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo & Fern.Alonso
Euploca queretaroana (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca racemosa Rose & Standl.
Euploca ramulipatens (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca rariflora (Stocks) Diane & Hilger
Euploca rhadinostachya (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca riochiquensis J.R.I.Wood & P.Muñoz
Euploca rodaliae J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca salicoides (Cham.) J.I.M.Melo & Semir
Euploca serpylloides (Griseb.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca sessei (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca sessilistigma (Hutch. & E.A.Bruce) E.L.A.N.Simons & Wieringa
Euploca skeleton (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca sphaerica (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca strigosa (Willd.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca styotricha (Craven) Diane & Hilger
Euploca subreniformis (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca synaimon (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca tabuliplagae (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca tachyglossoides (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca tanythrix (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca tenella (Torr.) Feuillet & Halse
Euploca tenuifolia (R.Br.) Diane & Hilger
Euploca texana (I.M.Johnst.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca toratensis (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo
Euploca torreyi (I.M.Johnst.) Halse & Feuillet
Euploca transformis (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca tytoides (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca uniflora (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca uninervis (Urb.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca vaga (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca ventricosa (R.Br.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca vestita (Benth.) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca viator (Craven) M.W.Frohl. & M.W.Chase
Euploca wigginsii (I.M.Johnst.) J.I.M.Melo

Distribution and habitat

The genus has an almost cosmopolitan distribution.⁴

References

"Tropicos – Euploca Nutt". 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
Euploca Nutt. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
Hilger, H.H.; Diane, N. (2003). "A systematic analysis of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on trnL and ITS1 sequence data". Botanische Jahrbücher. 125 (1): 19–51. doi:10.1127/0006-8152/2003/0125-0019. ISSN 0006-8152.
Luebert, F.; Cecchi, L.; Frohlich, M.W.; Gottschling, M.; Guilliams, C.M.; Hasenstab-Lehman, K.E.; Hilger, H.H.; Miller, J.S.; Mittelbach, M.; Nazaire, M.; Nepi, M.; Nocentini, D.; Ober, D.; Olmstead, R.G.; Selvi, F.; Simpson, M.G.; Sutorý, K.; Valdés, B.; Walden, G.K.; Weigend, M. (2016). "Familial classification of the Boraginales". Taxon. 65 (3): 502–522. doi:10.12705/653.5. hdl:2158/1062790. ISSN 0040-0262. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
Sage, R.F. (2016). "A portrait of the C₄ photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame". Journal of Experimental Botany. 67 (14): 4039–4056. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw156. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 27053721.
Vogan, P.J.; Frohlich, M.W.; Sage, R.F. (2007). "The functional significance of C₃–C₄ intermediate traits in Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae): gas exchange perspectives". Plant, Cell & Environment. 30 (10): 1337–1345. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01706.x. ISSN 0140-7791. PMID 17727423.
Sage, R.F.; Christin, P.-A.; Edwards, E.J. (2011). "The C₄ plant lineages of planet Earth". Journal of Experimental Botany. 62 (9): 3155–3169. doi:10.1093/jxb/err048. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 21414957.
Nuttall, T. (1837). "Collections towards a flora of the territory of Arkansas". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. 5: 189–190. OCLC 2382293.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.

[Tropicos-1] "Tropicos – Euploca Nutt". 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.

[powo-2] Euploca Nutt. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

[HilgerDiane2003-3] Hilger, H.H.; Diane, N. (2003). "A systematic analysis of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on trnL and ITS1 sequence data". Botanische Jahrbücher. 125 (1): 19–51. doi:10.1127/0006-8152/2003/0125-0019. ISSN 0006-8152.

[LuebertCecchi2016-4] Luebert, F.; Cecchi, L.; Frohlich, M.W.; Gottschling, M.; Guilliams, C.M.; Hasenstab-Lehman, K.E.; Hilger, H.H.; Miller, J.S.; Mittelbach, M.; Nazaire, M.; Nepi, M.; Nocentini, D.; Ober, D.; Olmstead, R.G.; Selvi, F.; Simpson, M.G.; Sutorý, K.; Valdés, B.; Walden, G.K.; Weigend, M. (2016). "Familial classification of the Boraginales". Taxon. 65 (3): 502–522. doi:10.12705/653.5. hdl:2158/1062790. ISSN 0040-0262. Retrieved 16 June 2018.

[Sage2016-5] Sage, R.F. (2016). "A portrait of the C₄ photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame". Journal of Experimental Botany. 67 (14): 4039–4056. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw156. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 27053721.

[VoganFrohlich2007-6] Vogan, P.J.; Frohlich, M.W.; Sage, R.F. (2007). "The functional significance of C₃–C₄ intermediate traits in Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae): gas exchange perspectives". Plant, Cell & Environment. 30 (10): 1337–1345. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01706.x. ISSN 0140-7791. PMID 17727423.

[SageChristin2011-7] Sage, R.F.; Christin, P.-A.; Edwards, E.J. (2011). "The C₄ plant lineages of planet Earth". Journal of Experimental Botany. 62 (9): 3155–3169. doi:10.1093/jxb/err048. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 21414957.

[Nuttall1937-8] Nuttall, T. (1837). "Collections towards a flora of the territory of Arkansas". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. 5: 189–190. OCLC 2382293.

[APGIV-9] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.

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Euploca

Euploca salicoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Embryophytes
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Spermatophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Boraginales
Family:	Heliotropiaceae
Genus:	Euploca Nutt.¹
Type species
E. convolvulacea Nutt.
Species²
168; see text
Synonyms²³⁴
List Hilgeria Förther Heliotropium L. sect. Euploca Nutt. (A.Gray) Heliotropium L. sect. Orthostachys R.Br. Orthostachys (R.Br.) Spach Pentacarya DC. ex Meisn. Pioctonon Raf. Preslaea Mart. Schleidenia Endl.