Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jul 8, 2026

Borosulfate

The borosulfates are heteropoly anion compounds which have sulfate groups attached to boron atoms. Other possible terms are sulfatoborates or boron-sulfur oxides. The ratio of sulfate to borate reflects the degree of condensation. With [B(SO4)4]5- there is no condensation, each ion stands alone. In [B(SO4)3]3- the anions are linked into a chain, a chain of loops, or as [B2(SO4)6]6− in a cycle. Finally in [B(SO4)2]− the sulfate and borate tetrahedra are all linked into a two or three-dimensional network. These arrangements of oxygen around boron and sulfur can have forms resembling silicates. The first borosulfate to be discovered was K5[B(SO4)4] in 2012 by the research group of Henning Höppe, although the compound class as such had been postulated already in 1962 by G. Schott and H. U. Kibbel. Over 80 unique compounds are known as of 2024.

Last revised
Jul 8, 2026
Read time
≈ 14 min
Length
3,220 w
Citations
173
Source
Wikipedia ↗

The borosulfates are heteropoly anion compounds which have sulfate groups attached to boron atoms. Other possible terms are sulfatoborates or boron-sulfur oxides. The ratio of sulfate to borate reflects the degree of condensation. With [B(SO4)4]5- there is no condensation, each ion stands alone. In [B(SO4)3]3- the anions are linked into a chain, a chain of loops, or as [B2(SO4)6]6− in a cycle. Finally in [B(SO4)2]− the sulfate and borate tetrahedra are all linked into a two or three-dimensional network. These arrangements of oxygen around boron and sulfur can have forms resembling silicates. The first borosulfate to be discovered was K5[B(SO4)4] in 2012 by the research group of Henning Höppe,12 although the compound class as such had been postulated already in 1962 by G. Schott and H. U. Kibbel.3 Over 80 unique compounds are known as of 2024.

They are distinct from the borate sulfates which have separate, uncondensed sulfate and borate ions.

Related compounds include boroselenates, borotellurates,4 and also boroantimonates, borogallates, borogermanates, borophosphates, boroselenites and borosilicates.5

Formation

Borosulfates are formed by heating boric oxide, oleum, or sulfuric acid, with metal carbonates. The degree of condensation is varied with the ratio of oleum to sulfuric acid. Pure oleum is more likely to yield compounds with disulfate groups.

Reactions

When heated to around 500 °C the borosulfates decompose by emitting SO3 vapour and form a metal sulfate and boric oxide.6

List

chem mw crystal system space group unit cell Å volume density comment references
boron sulfate B2S2O9 229.74 monoclinic C2 a=7.7600, b=4.1664, c=8.6134;

β=94.785°; Z=2

277.51 2.749 no cations; 3D mesh 7
H[B(HSO4)4] superacid 89
H3O[B(SO4)2] P4/ncc a=9.1377, c=7.3423;

Z=4

10
H[B(SO4)(S2O7)] monoclinic P21/c a=15.697, b=11.4362, c=8.5557;

β=90.334°

4
Li[B(SO4)2] Pc a=7.635, b=9.342, c=8.432;

β=92.55°

3D network, like tectosilicate 1112
Li[B(S2O7)2] orthorhombic P212121 a=10.862, b=10.877, c=17.769 1112
Li5[B(SO4)4] orthorhombic P21/c a=8.0191, b=10.2111, c=15.0401 4
Be[B2(SO4)4] monoclinic C2/c a=23.856, b=7.3507, c=12.3235;

β=98.724(2)°; Z=8

2136.1 2.58 colourless 13
NH4[B(SO4)2] P4/ncc a=9.1980, c=7.2458 decomposes at 320 °C (608 °F), proton conductor 414
NH4[B(S2O7)2] monoclinic Cc a=11.4403, b=14.9439, c=13.8693;

β=93.662°

114
(NH4)2B4SO10 271.38 monoclinic C2 a=11.3685, b=6.5541, c=12.8328;

β=106.247°; Z=4

918.0 1.964 SHG 1.1 × KDP; min PM wavelength 252 nm; decompose 300 °C; UV edge 184 nm 15
(NH4)3H2[BOB(PO4)3] monoclinic P21/c a=7.7506, b=6.6685, c=24.355;

β=92.562°; Z=4

1257.5 2.000 white 16
[NH4]3[B(SO4)3] 343.12 orthorhombic Ibca a=7.2858, b=14.7048, c=22.7052;

Z=8

2433.2 1.928 decomposes 320 °C (608 °F) chains 172
Na[B(SO4)2] monoclinic P2/c a=5.434, b=7.570, c=7.766;

β=99.74°

4
Na[B(S2O7)2] monoclinic P21/c a=10.949, b=8.49, c=12.701;

β=110.227°; Z=4

1110
Na2B6SO13 orthorhombic Pbca a=11.6569, b=9.4094, c=17.4833;

Z=8

1917.6 2.431 birefringence Δn = 0.07 @ 589.3 nm 18
Na3B3S2O11(OH)2 triclinic P1 a=6.5282 b=6.6711 c=12.0045 α=93.927° β=99.502° γ=94.278° 19
Na5[B(SO4)4]−I orthorhombic Pca21 a=10.730, b=13.891, c=18.197 12
Na5[B(SO4)4]−II orthorhombic P212121 a=8.624, b=9.275, c=16.671 12
Na5[BOB(PO4)3] white 16
Li2NaB3S2O12 monoclinic P21/c a=11.6720 b=8.2574 c=9.6126 β=97.940° birefringence 0.057 at 546.1 nm; UV edge 184 nm 20
α-Mg4[B2O(SO4)6] 711.22 trigonal P3 a=8.0165 c=7.4858 Z=1 416.62 2.835 colourless 6
β-Mg4[B2O(SO4)6] 711.22 hexagonal P3 a = 13.9196, c = 7.4854, Z = 3 1253 2.821 colourless 6
Mg[B2(SO4)4] 430.17 monoclinic C2/c a=17.443, b=5.3145, c=14.2906;

β=126.323°; Z=4

1067.3 2.677 phyllosilicate structure colourless decomposes 550 °C (1,022 °F) 6
β-Mg[B2(SO4)4] monoclinic P21/n a=7.9100, b=8.0815, c=9.0376;

β=111.37°; Z=2

269.01 2.667 colourless decomposes 550 °C (1,022 °F) 21
Mg3((H2O)B(SO4)3)2 706.94 triclinic P1 a=7.9609, b=7.9671, c=9.2343;

α=64.959°, β=89.228°, γ=60.054°

444.96 2.638 200K 18
Mg3((H2O)B(SO4)3)2 706.94 R3 a=7.9620, c=24.4231;

Z=3

1340.84 2.627 room temperature 18
K[B(SO4)2] P4/ncc a=8.9739 c=7.4114 4
K[B(S2O7)2] monoclinic Cc a=11.3368, b=14.66, c=13.6650;

β=94.235°; Z=8

1110
K2B4SO10 313.50 monoclinic C2 a=11.2631, b=6.4339, c=12.649; 

β=105.707°; Z=4

882.4 2.360 colourless; UV edge 182 nm 22
K3B3S2O11(OH)2 triclinic P1 a=7.0282 b=7.1559 c=12.3096 α=89.423° β=79.065° γ=86.344° 19
pentapotassium borosulfate K5[B(SO4)4] P41 a=9.9023, c=16.1871 1687.2 2.471 first discovered 111
K4[B(SO4)3(HSO4)] I2/a a=14.524, b=7.3916, c=15.78.57,

β=115.499°

1529.6 2.399 23
K3[B(SO4)3] orthorhombic Ibca a = 7.074, b = 14.266, c = 22.58 1112
K4[BS4O15(OH)] monoclinic I2/a a=14.524 b=7.3916 c=15.7857 β=115.50 4
K[B(SO3Cl)4] triclinic P1 a=10.513 b=10.838 c=10.965 α=99.21° β=135.48° γ=97.15° Z=2 chlorosulfate; moisture sensitive 2425
Na4KB(SO4)4 triclinic P1 a=6.993 b=12.124 c=15.950 α=88.549° β=86.823° γ=89.609° 19
CaB2S4O16 monoclinic P21/c a=5.5188, b=15.1288, c=13.2660;

β=92.88°

sheet 4
Mn[B2(SO4)4] monoclinic P21/n a=8.0435, b=7.9174, c=9.3082;

β=110.94° Z=2

553.63 colourless 26
α-Mn4[B2O(SO4)6] 833.74 trigonal P3 a=8.1086, c=7.7509;

Z=1

441.3 3.137 colourless 6
β-Mn4[B2O(SO4)6] 833.74 trigonal P3 a=13.9196 c=7.4854 6
α-Co4[B2O(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=17.4254, b=5.3397, c=14.3214;

β=126.03°; Z=4

269.40 2.860 pink 21
β-Co4[B2O(SO4)6] monoclinic P21/n a=7.8892, b=8.1042, c= 9.0409;

β=111.29°; Z=2

269.29 2.803 pink 21
α-Co4[B2O(SO4)6] 849.70 trigonal P3 a=7.991, c=7.669;

Z=1

418.0 3.376 pink 6
α-Ni4[B2O(SO4)6] 848.82 trigonal P3 a=7.9359 c=7.4398 Z=1 405.77 3.474 yellow 6
Cu[B(SO4)2(HSO4)] triclinic P1 a=5.3096, b=7.0752, c=11.1977;

α=81.154°, β=80.302°, γ=80.897°

cyclic 4
Cu[B2(SO4)4] triclinic P1 a=5.2470, b=7.1371, c=7.9222;

α=73.814°, β=70.692°, γ=86.642°

chain 4
Zn[B2(SO4)4] monoclinic P21/n a=8.0435, b=7.9174, c=9.3082;

β=111.26°; Z=2

534.36 colourless 26
α-Zn4[B2O(SO4)6] 875.46 trigonal P3 a=7.9971, c=7.4895;

Z=1

414.81 3.505 colourless 6
Rb[B(SO4)2] tetragonal P4/ncc a = 9.1823 c = 7.4559 Z = 4 628.64 3.05 24
Rb2B4SO10 406.24 monoclinic C2 a=11.3127, b=6.5152, c=12.971;

β=105.411°; Z=4

921.6 2.928 colourless; UV edge 190 nm 22
Rb3[B(SO4)3] orthorhombic Ibca a=7.2759, b=14.794, c=22.637 12
Rb4[B2O(SO4)4] orthorhombic Pnma a=8.0415, b=10.647, c=20.425 4
Rb5[B(SO4)4] tetragonal P43212 a=10.148, c=16.689;

Z=4

band gap 3.99 eV 427
Rb3HB4S2O14 P63/m a=6.502, c=19.02;

Z=2

28
Rb3H2[BOB(PO4)3] white 16
LiRb4[B(SO4)4] 743.8 monoclinic P21 a=7.5551, c=14.560, c=7.5517;

β=90.2372°; Z=2

transparent 29
LiRb4[B(SO4)4] 743.8 tetragonal I4 a=7.6128, c=14.631;

Z=2

at 500K; SHG 1.1 × KDP 29
Na4RbB(SO4)4 monoclinic P21/n a=7.0493 b=12.171 c=16.011 β=93.707° 19
Sr[B2(SO4)4] 493.48 orthorhombic Pnma a=12.574, b=12.421, c=7.319;

Z=4

1143.1 2.867 decomposes 400 °C (752 °F) 112
Sr[B2(SO4)3(S2O7)] 573.54 monoclinic P21/n a=7.470, b=15.334, c=12.220;

β=93.29°; Z=4

1397.5 2.726 11
Sr[B2O(SO4)3] orthorhombic Pnma a=1657.3, b=12.037, c=4.39484 114
Sr[B3O(SO4)4(SO4H)] 617.36 monoclinic P21/c a=11.3309, b=7.1482, c=19.355;

β=106.878°; Z=4

1500.1 2.73 colourless; Sr in 9 coordination by sulfate oxygens 30
Y2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.5172, b=11.3941, c=10.8994;

β=93.447°

cyclic 174
Pd[B(S2O7)2]2 monoclinic P21/c a=7.2686, b=12.7802, c=11.4930;

β=101.343°; Z=2

1046.8 2.64 blue 31
Pd[B(S2O7)2]2 tetragonal P41 a=13.8210, c=21.724;

Z=8

4149.7 2.66 blue 31
Pd[B(SO4)(S2O7)]2 monoclinic P21/c a = 6.7061 b = 16.0198 c = 8.1681 β = 94.923° Z = 2 874.27 2.55 red 31
Ag[B(SO4)2] P4/ncc a=8.6679 c=7.2897 4
Ag[B(S2O7)2] monoclinic P21/c a = 9.507, b = 9.601, c = 11.730, β = 98.35° Z=4 1059.3 2.953 colourless 32
Cd[B2(SO4)4] 33
Cd[B2O(SO4)3] 438.20 orthorhombic Pnma a=8.9692 b=11.520 c=8.7275 Z=4 901.8 3.23 colourless 33
Cd4[B2O(SO4)6] trigonal P3 a=8.2222 c=7.9788 Z=1 467.14 3.78 colourless 33
LiSb[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.7805 c=8.1027 Z=2 1124.49 2.777 34
NH4Sb[B(SO4)2]4 monoclinic C2 a=16.6782 b=8.1140 c=11.8248 β=134.8° 1135.6 2.78 35
NOSb[B(SO4)2]4 monoclinic C2 a=16.6672 b=8.1228 c=11.7741 β=134.8° Z=2 1130.21 2.83 35
NaSb[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.7889 c=8.1190 Z=2 1128.36 2.815 34
KSb[B(SO4)2]4 monoclinic C2 a=16.619 b=8.122 c=11.723 β=134.55° Z=2 1127.6 2.865 34
RbSb[B(SO4)2]4 monoclinic C2 a=16.6673 b=8.1124 c=11.8308 β=134.7° Z=2 1136.45 2.978 34
AgSb[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal P4 a=11.7994 c=8.1323 Z=2 1132.23 3.05 35
(I4)[B(S2O7)2]2 triclinic P1 a = 11.3714 b = 11.5509 c = 12.7811 α = 68.638° β = 68.275° γ = 64.626° Z=2 1366.16 2.999 orange-brown 36
Cs2B4SO10 501.12 monoclinic C2 a=11.4012 b=6.5997 c=13.5702 β=103.934° Z=4 919.04 3.359 colourless; UV edge 189 nm 22
Cs2[B2O(SO4)3] monoclinic P2/c a=14.765 b=6.710 c=12.528 β=104.50 28
Cs3HB4S2O14 P63/m a = 6.5648, c = 19.5669 Z=2 28
Cs3H2[BOB(PO4)3] monoclinic P21/c a=8.2436 b=6.7387 c=24.414 β=92.713° Z=4 1354.7 3.538 proton conductor 16
Cs[B(SO4)(S2O7)] monoclinic P21/c a=10.4525, b=11.319, c=8.2760; β=103.206; Z=4 1110
Cs3Li2[B(SO4)4] monoclinic P21/n a=13.7698 c=8.2376 c=13.9066 β=91.778 174
Na3Cs2B(SO4)4 monoclinic P21/n a=13.7654 b=8.2281 c=13.9021 β=91.741° 19
Cs3Na2[B(SO4)4] monoclinic P21/c a=13.6406 b=7.9475 c=13.9573 β=990.781 174
CsK4[B(SO4)4] P43212 a=9.9433 c=16.881 174
CsSb[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal P4 a=11.916 c=8.0845 Z=2 1147.98 3.085 34
Ba[B2(SO4)4] orthorhombic Pnna a = 12.791, b = 12.800, c = 7.317 Z = 4 1137
Ba[B2O(SO4)3] orthorhombic Pnma a=17.1848 b=12.3805 c=4.4226 11
Ba[B(S2O7)2]2 monoclinic I2/a a = 11.6077, b = 8.9144, c = 21.303, β = 104.034° Z = 4 chains 1137
La2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=1379.2 b=1158.9 c=1139.5 β=93.611 cyclic 174
Ce2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c 13.740 b=11.5371 c=11.3057 β=93.661 cyclic 174
Pr2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.711 b=11.5305 c=11.2643 β=93.668 cyclic 174
Nd2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.6775 b=11.51.34 11.2046 β=93.5909 cyclic 174
Sm2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.633 b=11.492 c=11.112 β=93.567 cyclic 174
Eu2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.602 b=11.470 c=11.050 β=93.465 cyclic 174
Gd2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.5697 b=11.4426 c=11.0271 β= cyclic 174
Tb2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.5601 b=11.42.48 c=10.9881 β=93.534 cyclic 174
Dy2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.568 b=11.425 c=10.9703 β=93.540 cyclic 174
Ho2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.505 b=11.409 c=10.921 β=93.453 cyclic 174
Er2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.551 b=11.411 c=10.882 β=93.41 cyclic 174
Tm2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.4981 b=11.3617 10.8327 β=93.4500 cyclic 174
Yb2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.495 b=11.3452 c=10.7961 β=93.390 cyclic 174
Lu2[B2(SO4)6] monoclinic C2/c a=13.469 b=11.364 c=10.799 β=93.369 cyclic 174
LiLu[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.7160 c=8.0395 Z=2 1103.54 2.990 34
NaLu[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.7060 c=8.0610 Z=2 1104.60 3.036 34
KLu[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.7369 c=8.0476 Z=2 1108.60 3.073 34
RbLu[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal P4 a=11.779 c=8.034 Z=2 1114.62 3.195 34
CsLu[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal P4 Z=2 contained H3O+ 34
[Au3Cl4][B(S2O7)2] monoclinic P21/c a=10.6266 b=12.7938 c=12.7373 β=99.322° Z=4 1708.82 4.259 yellow 3138
[Au2Cl4][B(S2O7)2](SO3) orthorhombic Fddd a=13.1467, b=17.8576 c=31.711 Z=16 7444.8 3.49 metallic grey or transparent green dependent on polarization 3138
TlSb[B(SO4)2]4 monoclinic C2 a=16.689 b=8.1093 c=11.859 β=134.72 Z=2 1140.5 3.31 35
Pb[B2(SO4)4] 613.05 orthorhombic Pnna a=12.516 b=12.521 c=7.302 Z=4 114.43 3.558 loop chain 439
Pb[B2O(SO4)3] orthorhombic P21/m a=4.4000 b=12.1019 c=8.6043 4
Bi2[B2(SO4)6] 659.08 orthorhombic C2/c a = 13.568, b = 11.490, c = 11.106 Z=4 1728.8 3.894 17
(H3O)Bi[B(SO4)2]4 1039.72 tetragonal I4 a=11.857, c=8.149 Z=2 1156.84 2.99 colourless; non-linear optical 17
(NH4)Bi[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 Z=2 a=11.8746 c=8.1360 1147.2 3.007 40
(NO)Bi[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.8277 c=8.1315 Z=2 1137.5 3.068 40
(NO2)Bi[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.9081 c=8.1160 Z=2 1150.87 3.078 40
LiBi[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.8189 c=8.1235 Z=2 1134.74 3.008 34
NaBi[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.8863 c=8.1176 Z=2 1146.89 3.022 34
KBi[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal I4 a=11.835 c=8.1421 Z=2 1140.44 3.086 34
RbBi[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal P4 a=11.883 c=8.1315 Z=2 1148.18 3.200 34
CsBi[B(SO4)2]4 tetragonal P4 a=11.964 c=8.120 Z=2 1162.18 3.297 34
(UO2)[B(SO4)2(SO3OH)] 569.52 triclinic P1 a=5.448 b=7.021 c=13.522 α =92.248° β =95.347° γ =101.987° Z=2 3.762 green 41
(UO2)2[B2O(SO4)3(SO3OH)2] 1058.23 monoclinic P21/n a=10.872 b=11.383 c=14.812 β=92.481 Z=4 3.838 yellow 41
References

References

  1. Höppe, Henning A.; Kazmierczak, Karolina; Daub, Michael; Förg, Katharina; Fuchs, Franziska; Hillebrecht, Harald (2012-06-18). "The First Borosulfate K5[B(SO4)4]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 51 (25): 6255–6257. Bibcode:2012ACIE...51.6255H. doi:10.1002/anie.201109237. PMID 22566359.
  2. Netzsch, Philip; Höppe, Henning A. (2020-09-30). "Synthesis and Characterization of the Chain Borosulfates (NH4)3[B(SO4)3] and Sr[B2(SO4)4]". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 646 (18): 1563–1569. Bibcode:2020ZAACh.646.1563N. doi:10.1002/zaac.202000105. ISSN 0044-2313.
  3. Schott, G.; Kibbel, H. U. (1962). "Über Sulfatoborate". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 314 (1–2): 104–112. Bibcode:1962ZAACh.314..104S. doi:10.1002/zaac.19623140113. ISSN 0044-2313.
  4. Bruns, Jörn; Höppe, Henning A.; Daub, Michael; Hillebrecht, Harald; Huppertz, Hubert (2020-06-26). "Borosulfates—Synthesis and Structural Chemistry of Silicate Analogue Compounds". Chemistry – A European Journal. 26 (36): 7966–7980. Bibcode:2020ChEuJ..26.7966B. doi:10.1002/chem.201905449. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 7384169. PMID 31943390.
  5. Kong, Fang; Ma, Yunxiang; Mao, Jianggao (January 2018). "Lanthanide Inorganic Solids Based on Main Group Borates and Oxyanions of Lone Pair Cations: Lanthanide Inorganic Solids Based on Main Group Borates and Oxyanions of Lone Pair Cations". Chinese Journal of Chemistry. 36 (1): 63–72. doi:10.1002/cjoc.201700597.
  6. Netzsch, Philip; Gross, Peter; Takahashi, Hirotaka; Höppe, Henning A. (2018-07-16). "Synthesis and Characterization of the First Borosulfates of Magnesium, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, and Zinc". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (14): 8530–8539. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01234. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 29957944.
  7. Logemann, Christian; Wickleder, Mathias S. (2013-12-23). "B2S2O9: A Boron Sulfate with Phyllosilicate Topology". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 52 (52): 14229–14232. Bibcode:2013ACIE...5214229L. doi:10.1002/anie.201307056. PMID 24214383.
  8. Gillespie, R. J. (1962-05-01). "The Sulphuric Acid Solvent System: Part III. The Preparation and Structures of Some Complex Sulphatoborates". Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 40 (5): 1009–1017. Bibcode:1962CaJCh..40.1009G. doi:10.1139/v62-150. ISSN 0008-4042.
  9. Herrmann, Wolfgang A.; Albanese, Guido P.; Manetsberger, Rainer B.; Lappe, Peter; Bahrmann, Helmut (1995-04-13). "New Process for the Sulfonation of Phosphane Ligands for Catalysts". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 34 (7): 811–813. doi:10.1002/anie.199508111. ISSN 0570-0833.
  10. Daub, Michael; Kazmierczak, Karolina; Höppe, Henning A.; Hillebrecht, Harald (2013). "The Borosulfate Story Goes on—From Alkali and Oxonium Salts to Polyacids". Chemistry – A European Journal. 19 (50): 16954–16962. Bibcode:2013ChEuJ..1916954D. doi:10.1002/chem.201303012. ISSN 1521-3765. PMID 24203813.
  11. Netzsch, Philip; Höppe, Henning A. (2020-11-26). "Sr[B2(SO4)3(S2O7)]: A Borosulfate with an Unprecedented Chain Structure Comprising Disulfate Groups". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (24): 18102–18108. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02560. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 33241934. S2CID 227175679.
  12. Daub, Michael; Kazmierczak, Karolina; Gross, Peter; Höppe, Henning; Hillebrecht, Harald (2013-05-20). "Exploring a New Structure Family: Alkali Borosulfates Na5[B(SO4)4], A3[B(SO4)3] (A = K, Rb), Li[B(SO4)2], and Li[B(S2O7)2]". Inorganic Chemistry. 52 (10): 6011–6020. doi:10.1021/ic400267s. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 23656591.
  13. Sutorius, Stefan; Hanrath, Michael; Bruns, Jörn (2022-02-09). "Be[B2(SO4)4] – A Borosulfate exhibiting Ino- and Phyllosilicate Analogue Topology". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2022 (11) ejic.202200009. Bibcode:2022EJIC.2022E0009S. doi:10.1002/ejic.202200009. ISSN 1434-1948. S2CID 246719711.
  14. Ward, Matthew D.; Chaloux, Brian L.; Johannes, Michelle D.; Epshteyn, Albert (October 2020). "Facile Proton Transport in Ammonium Borosulfate—An Unhumidified Solid Acid Polyelectrolyte for Intermediate Temperatures". Advanced Materials. 32 (42) 2003667. Bibcode:2020AdM....3203667W. doi:10.1002/adma.202003667. ISSN 0935-9648. PMID 32924200. S2CID 221672277.
  15. Li, Zijian; Jin, Wenqi; Zhang, Fangfang; Chen, Zilong; Yang, Zhihua; Pan, Shilie (2021-10-09). "Achieving Short-Wavelength Phase-Matching Second Harmonic Generation in Boron-Rich Borosulfate with Planar [BO3] Units". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 61 (4) anie.202112844. doi:10.1002/anie.202112844. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 34626043. S2CID 238528455.
  16. Ridenour, J. August; Chaloux, Brian L.; Johannes, Michelle D.; Bernstein, Noam; Finn, Matthew T.; Ryou, Heonjune; Epshteyn, Albert (2025-08-01). "Cs3H2[BOB(PO4)3] - the Best-Performing 1D Borophosphate Intermediate Temperature Proton Electrolyte". ACS Omega. 10 (31) acsomega.5c04320. doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c04320. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 12355233. PMID 40821503.
  17. Hämmer, Matthias; Bayarjargal, Lkhamsuren; Höppe, Henning A. (2020-11-12). "The First Bismuth Borosulfates Comprising Oxonium and a Tectosilicate-Analogous Anion". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 60 (3): 1503–1506. doi:10.1002/anie.202011786. ISSN 1433-7851. PMC 7839778. PMID 33026134.Open access icon
  18. Fan, Jinbin; Yan, Ziting; Chen, Zilong; Li, Huimin; Yang, Zhihua; Zhang, Fangfang; Pan, Shilie (2024-08-19). "Na2B6SO13 with unprecedented [B6SO13]∞ double chains and largest birefringence among borosulfates induced by the uniform arrangement of [B3O7] units". Science China Chemistry. 68 (2): 475–480. doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2170-6. ISSN 1674-7291.
  19. Zhang, Luyong; Zuo, Jianyi; Xu, Guangsheng; Fan, Jinbin; Bai, Xue; Yang, Zhihua; Zhang, Fangfang; Pan, Shilie (2026-03-24). "Significant Enhancement of Birefringence Resulting from the Introduction of [BO 2 (OH)] Groups into Borosulfates". Chemistry of Materials. 38 (6): 2778–2787. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c03014. ISSN 0897-4756.
  20. Wang, Zichang; Zuo, Jianyi; Liu, Qingyu; Hou, Xueling; Gai, Minqiang (2024-10-21). "Li 2 NaB 3 S 2 O 12 : A Deep-UV Transparent Borosulfate with Moderate Birefringence Derived from the [B 3 S 2 O 12 ] ∞ Infinite Chain Designed by the High Boron-to-Sulfur Ratio Strategy". Inorganic Chemistry. 63 (42): 19931–19938. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c03395. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 39373648.
  21. Netzsch, Philip; Pielnhofer, Florian; Glaum, Robert; Höppe, Henning A. (2020-11-17). "Synthesis-Controlled Polymorphism and Optical Properties of Phyllosilicate-Analogous Borosulfates M[B2(SO4)4] (M =Mg, Co)". Chemistry – A European Journal. 26 (64): 14745–14753. doi:10.1002/chem.202003214. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 7756226. PMID 32744744.
  22. Li, Zijian; Jin, Wenqi; Zhang, Fangfang; Yang, Zhihua; Pan, Shilie (2022-11-23). "Exploring Short-Wavelength Phase-Matching Nonlinear Optical Crystals by Employing KBe2BO3F2 as the Template". ACS Central Science. 8 (11): 1557–1564. Bibcode:2022ACSCS...8.1557L. doi:10.1021/acscentsci.2c00832. ISSN 2374-7943. PMC 9686211. PMID 36439311.
  23. Gross, Peter; Kirchhain, Arno; Höppe, Henning A. (2016-03-18). "The Borosulfates K 4 [BS 4 O 15 (OH)], Ba[B 2 S 3 O 13 ], and Gd 2 [B 2 S 6 O 24 ]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (13): 4353–4355. Bibcode:2016ACIE...55.4353G. doi:10.1002/anie.201510612. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 26924507 – via beta angle found in entry ICSD 430383.
  24. Nickelsen, Jasper; Edelmann, Arthur; Symeonidis, Marios; Bruns, Jörn (2025-10-11). "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Rb[B(SO 4 ) 2 ]: A Borosulfate Obtained from a Reaction with Chlorosulfuric Acid". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 651 (18) e202500156. Bibcode:2025ZAACh.65100156N. doi:10.1002/zaac.202500156. ISSN 0044-2313.
  25. Mairesse, G.; Drache, M. (1978-06-01). "The crystal structure of potassium tetrachlorosulfatoborate, K[B(SO 3 Cl) 4 ]". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 34 (6): 1771–1776. Bibcode:1978AcCrB..34.1771M. doi:10.1107/S0567740878006676. ISSN 0567-7408.
  26. Pasqualini, Leonard C.; Huppertz, Hubert; Bruns, Jörn (2019-12-17). "M[B2(SO4)4] (M = Mn, Zn)—Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two New Phyllosilicate Analogue Borosulfates". Inorganics. 7 (12): 145. doi:10.3390/inorganics7120145. ISSN 2304-6740.
  27. Dong, Lingyun; Pan, Shilie; Wang, Ying; Yu, Hongwei; Lin, Xiaoxia; Han, Shujuan (March 2015). "Synthesis and structural characterization of a new rubidium borosulfate, Rb5BS4O16". Materials Research Bulletin. 63: 93–98. doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.11.047.
  28. Daub, Michael; Hillebrecht, Harald (September 2015). "Borosulfates Cs2B2S3O13, Rb4B2S4O17, and A3HB4S2O14 (A = Rb, Cs) – Crystalline Approximants for Vitreous B2O3?". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2015 (25): 4176–4181. Bibcode:2015EJIC.2015.4176D. doi:10.1002/ejic.201500603. ISSN 1434-1948.
  29. Li, Yanqiang; Zhou, Zhengyang; Zhao, Sangen; Liang, Fei; Ding, Qingran; Sun, Junliang; Lin, Zheshuai; Hong, Maochun; Luo, Junhua (2021-03-08). "A Deep-UV Nonlinear Optical Borosulfate with Incommensurate Modulations". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 60 (20): 11457–11463. Bibcode:2021ACIE...6011457L. doi:10.1002/anie.202102107. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 33686736. S2CID 232160602.
  30. Pasqualini, Leonard; Huppertz, Hubert; Je, Minyeong; Choi, Heechae; Bruns, Jörn (2021-06-13). "Triple Vertex Linkage of (BO4)-Tetrahedra in a Borosulfate: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Quantum Chemical Investigation of Sr[B3O(SO4)4(SO4H)]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 60 (36): 19740–19743. doi:10.1002/anie.202106337. ISSN 1433-7851. PMC 8456809. PMID 34121302.
  31. Sutorius, Stefan; Patrun, David; Edelmann, Arthur; Schumacher, Lars; Pöttgen, Rainer; Suta, Markus; Bruns, Jörn (2025-07-25). "Pd[B(S2O7)2]2 and Pd[B(SO4)(S2O7)]2: Two Borosulfates with Pd2+ in Octahedral and One with Pd2+ in Square Planar Oxygen Coordination". Chemistry – A European Journal. 31 (42) e202501515. doi:10.1002/chem.202501515. ISSN 0947-6539. PMID 40454746.
  32. Netzsch, Philip; Höppe, Henning A. (2020-12-29). "Ag[B(S2O7)2]: The First Transition Metal Borosulfate Featuring Disulfate Groups". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2021 (11): 1065–1070. doi:10.1002/ejic.202001095. ISSN 1434-1948.
  33. Hämmer, Matthias; Höppe, Henning A. (2022-09-02). "The Unconventional Cadmium Borosulfates Cd[B2O(SO4)3] and Cd4[B2O(SO4)6]". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 648 (21) zaac.202200197. Bibcode:2022ZAACh.648E0197H. doi:10.1002/zaac.202200197. ISSN 0044-2313. S2CID 252059729.
  34. Turgunbajew, Erich; Höppe, Henning A. (2025-03-24). "The First Antimony Borosulfates Unveil a Modular System M III M I [B(SO 4 ) 2 ] 4 (M III =Bi 3+ , Sb 3+ , Lu 3+ ; M I =H 3 O + , NO 2 + , Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + )". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 64 (13) e202424952. Bibcode:2025ACIE...64E4952T. doi:10.1002/anie.202424952. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 39936233.
  35. Turgunbajew, Erich; Buchner, Gwendolyn; Koldemir, Aylin; Block, Theresa; Pöttgen, Rainer; Hemker, David; Dronskowski, Richard; Höppe, Henning A. (2026-01-22). "Mössbauer Spectroscopy on Antimony Borosulfates Reveals Weak Coordination Behavior". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 65 (4) e21198. Bibcode:2026ACIE...6521198T. doi:10.1002/anie.202521198. ISSN 1433-7851. PMC 12828460. PMID 41388590.
  36. van Gerven, David; Sutorius, Stefan; Bruns, Jörn; Wickleder, Mathias S. (2022-07-20). "Stabilizing the Homopolycation (I4)2+ with a Hexasulfate in (I4)[S6O19] and a Borosulfate in (I4)[B(S2O7)2]2". ChemistryOpen. 11 (11) e202200122. doi:10.1002/open.202200122. ISSN 2191-1363. PMC 9630045. PMID 35856862. S2CID 250941699.
  37. Netzsch, Philip; Pielnhofer, Florian; Höppe, Henning A. (2020-10-19). "From S–O–S to B–O–S to B–O–B Bridges: Ba[B(S2O7)2]2 as a Model System for the Structural Diversity in Borosulfate Chemistry". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (20): 15180–15188. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02156. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 33001636. S2CID 222145994.
  38. Sutorius, Stefan; van Gerven, David; Olthof, Selina; Rasche, Bertold; Bruns, Jörn (2022-04-19). "Polycations Stabilised by Borosulfates: [Au3Cl4][B(S2O7)2] and the One-Dimensional Metal [Au2Cl4][B(S2O7)2](SO3)". Chemistry – A European Journal. 28 (22) e202200004. Bibcode:2022ChEuJ..28E0004S. doi:10.1002/chem.202200004. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 9314955. PMID 35262987.
  39. Schönegger, Sandra; Bruns, Jörn; Gartner, Benjamin; Wurst, Klaus; Huppertz, Hubert (2018-12-31). "Synthesis and Characterization of the First Lead(II) Borosulfate Pb[B2(SO4)4]: Synthesis and Characterization of the First Lead(II) Borosulfate Pb[B2(SO4)4]". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 644 (24): 1702–1706. doi:10.1002/zaac.201800130.
  40. Turgunbajew, Erich; Hämmer, Matthias; Bayarjargal, Lkhamsuren; Pielnhofer, Florian; Höppe, Henning A. (2025-11-03). "Variability of a Non-Centrosymmetric Tecto-Borosulfate: Introduction of Various Molecular Cations into BiX[B(SO4 )2]4 (X = H3O+, NO2+, NH4+, NO+)". Chemistry – A European Journal. 31 (61) e02439. Bibcode:2025ChEuJ..3102439T. doi:10.1002/chem.202502439. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 12587024. PMID 41047760.
  41. Sweet, Teagan F. M.; Felton, Daniel E.; Szymanowski, Jennifer E. S.; Burns, Peter C. (2022-09-01). "Targeting Diverse Bridging Motifs within Actinide Borosulfates and Establishing an Unconventional Structural Hierarchy". Inorganic Chemistry. 61 (40): 15953–15960. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02144. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 36047685. S2CID 251977898.
External links

An introduction to borosulfates is available as ACS Spring Meeting video of 2021. Höppe, Henning; Gross, Peter; Hämmer, Matthias; Netzsch, Philip. "SciMeetings". scimeetings.acs.org. doi:10.1021/scimeetings.1c00366. Retrieved 2026-03-20.