Baksheesh (from Persian: بخشش bakhshesh1) may have different meanings in different languages and countries including tipping, charitable giving, or bribery.
Etymology
Baksheesh comes from the Persian word بخشش (bakhshesh), which originated from the Middle Persian language.23
The word had also moved to other cultures and countries.
In literature
When American mythologist Joseph Campbell travelled on his maiden visit to India in 1954, he encountered pervasive begging which he called the "Baksheesh Complex".4
Mark Twain, after riding through the Biblical town of Magdala in 1867, makes note of his encounter with beggars and the term bucksheesh in his published work The Innocents Abroad: "They hung to the horses' tails, clung to their manes and the stirrups, closed in on every side in scorn of dangerous hoofs—and out of their infidel throats, with one accord, burst an agonizing and most infernal chorus: 'Howajji, bucksheesh! howajji, bucksheesh! howajji, bucksheesh! bucksheesh! bucksheesh!' I never was in a storm like that before."5
Leo Deuel, a writer on archaeology, sardonically described baksheesh as "lavish remuneration and bribes, rudely demanded but ever so graciously accepted by the natives in return for little or no services rendered".6
References
References
- "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2013-01-27.
- Dehkhoda dictionary.
- beksheesh, Online Etymology Dictionary
- Campbell, Joseph (2002). Robin Larsen; Stephen Larsen; Antony Van Couvering (eds.). Baksheesh and Brahman: Asian Journals - India. New World Library. pp. xvii. ISBN 978-1-57731-237-6.
- p. 505
-
Deuel, Leo (1966). Testaments of Time; the Search for Lost Manuscripts and Records. New York. p. 367.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
External links
External links
- From Baksheesh to Bribery: Understanding the Global Fight Against Corruption and Graft edited by T. Markus Funk and Andrew S. Boutros, Oxford University Press,