Abiotrophia

Abiotrophia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Bacillati
Phylum:	Bacillota
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Lactobacillales
Family:	Aerococcaceae
Genus:	Abiotrophia; Y. Kawamura et al. 1995
Type species
	Abiotrophia defectiva;
Species
	Abiotrophia defectiva

Abiotrophia is a genus of lactic acid bacteria, a family in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).

Taxonomy

The genus was described in 1995 from two species formerly placed in Streptococcus. ¹ Two further species were described in 1999, comprising a total of four species. In 2000, Collins and Lawsons further differentiated A. adiacens, A. balaenopterae and A. elegans from A. defectiva by placing them into the new genus Granulicatella,² since this reclassification Abiotrophia is currently a monotypic genus.

The genus contained 4 species of coccus shaped species,³ 2 are former members of the genus Streptococcus, which were transferred in 1995 to the newly coined genus Abiotrophia:

A. adiacens ( (Bouvet et al. 1989) Kawamura et al. 1995; Latin feminine gender adjective adiacens, adjacent, indicating that this organism can grow as satellite colonies adjacent to other bacterial growth.)
A. defectiva ( (Bouvet et al. 1989) Kawamura et al. 1995, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus).; Latin feminine gender adjective defectiva, deficient.)⁴

Other 2 are latter additions:

A. balaenopterae ( Lawson et al. 1999; Neo-Latin genitive case noun balaenopterae, pertaining to the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, from which the organism was isolated.)⁵
A. elegans ( Roggenkamp et al. 1999; Latin feminine gender adjective elegans, choice, nice, elegant.)⁶ Abiotrophia elegans was reclassified to Granulicatella elegans.⁷

Etymology

The name Abiotrophia derives from the Greek prefix ἄ (a)-, negative (un-); Greek noun βιος (bios), life; Greek noun τροφιά (trophia), nutrition; Neo-Latin feminine gender noun Abiotrophia, life-nutrition-deficiency.³

Genome Sequence

For the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), the genome of Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176 has been sequenced (assembly) as it is a resident of human oral cavity and urogenital and intestinal tracts and is a cause of infective endocarditis, showing it to have 3291 protein encoded in a 3.4774 Mbp genome with a GC content of 37.0% ⁸

Disease

Formerly classified as nutritionally variant streptococci, A. elegans had been identified as a cause of 1 to 2% of blood culture negative bacterial infective endocarditis.⁹

References

"KAWAMURA (Y.), HOU (X.G.), SULTANA (F.), LIU (S.), YAMAMOTO (H.) and EZAKI (T.): Transfer of Streptococcus adjacens and Streptococcus defectivus to Abiotrophia gen. nov. as Abiotrophia adiacens comb. nov. and Abiotrophia defectiva comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 798-803". Archived from the original on 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
Collins M, Lawson P. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50(1):365-369 doi:10.1099/00207713-50-1-365
Abiotrophia in LPSN; Parte, Aidan C.; Sardà Carbasse, Joaquim; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Reimer, Lorenz C.; Göker, Markus (1 November 2020). "List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (11): 5607–5612. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004332.
KAWAMURA (Y.), HOU (X.G.), SULTANA (F.), LIU (S.), YAMAMOTO (H.) and EZAKI (T.): Transfer of Streptococcus adiacens and Streptococcus defectivus to Abiotrophia genitive case nov. as Abiotrophia adiacens comb. nov. and Abiotrophia defectiva comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 798-803.
"Abiotrophia balaenopterae sp. nov., isolated from the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)". Archived from the original on 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
"Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB -- 49 (1): 1 -- International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology". Archived from the original on 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
Christensen, J. J.; Facklam, R. R. (1 October 2001). "Granulicatella and Abiotrophia Species from Human Clinical Specimens". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 39 (10): 3520–3523. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.10.3520-3523.2001. PMC 88382. PMID 11574566.
"Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176 (ID 33011) - BioProject - NCBI".
Sharaf MA, Shaikh N. (Dec 2005). "Abiotrophia endocarditis: case report and review of the literature". Can J Cardiol. 21 (14): 1309–11. PMID 16341303.

External links

[moved-1] "KAWAMURA (Y.), HOU (X.G.), SULTANA (F.), LIU (S.), YAMAMOTO (H.) and EZAKI (T.): Transfer of Streptococcus adjacens and Streptococcus defectivus to Abiotrophia gen. nov. as Abiotrophia adiacens comb. nov. and Abiotrophia defectiva comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 798-803". Archived from the original on 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2011-05-22.

[2] Collins M, Lawson P. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50(1):365-369 doi:10.1099/00207713-50-1-365

[main-3] Abiotrophia in LPSN; Parte, Aidan C.; Sardà Carbasse, Joaquim; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Reimer, Lorenz C.; Göker, Markus (1 November 2020). "List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (11): 5607–5612. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004332.

[4] KAWAMURA (Y.), HOU (X.G.), SULTANA (F.), LIU (S.), YAMAMOTO (H.) and EZAKI (T.): Transfer of Streptococcus adiacens and Streptococcus defectivus to Abiotrophia genitive case nov. as Abiotrophia adiacens comb. nov. and Abiotrophia defectiva comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 798-803.

[5] "Abiotrophia balaenopterae sp. nov., isolated from the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)". Archived from the original on 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2011-05-22.

[6] "Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB -- 49 (1): 1 -- International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology". Archived from the original on 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2011-05-22.

[7] Christensen, J. J.; Facklam, R. R. (1 October 2001). "Granulicatella and Abiotrophia Species from Human Clinical Specimens". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 39 (10): 3520–3523. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.10.3520-3523.2001. PMC 88382. PMID 11574566.

[8] "Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176 (ID 33011) - BioProject - NCBI".

[Sharaf-9] Sharaf MA, Shaikh N. (Dec 2005). "Abiotrophia endocarditis: case report and review of the literature". Can J Cardiol. 21 (14): 1309–11. PMID 16341303.

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